Relationship between field performance, family, embryo morphology, and isozyme heterozygosity, and in vitro reactivity in jack pine
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چکیده
The influence of field performance, family, embryo morphology, and isozyme heterozygosity level on in vitro reactivity of Pinus banksiana Lamb. was evaluated on embryos from five superior families, five inferior families, and a mixed seed lot. Embryo length, number of cotyledons, and isozyme heterozygosity were determined for each embryo. Seed germination and fresh weight were determined on a family level. On average, superior families showed higher percentages of embryos that formed buds in vitro. Within each performance class, the analysis based on initial number of embryos revealed differences among families for the percentage of green embryos and embryos with adventitious buds and shoots. When calculations were based on green embryos only, i.e., excluding embryos that remained white, there were no differences among families. Thus, the overall in vitro potential of a family appears to be strongly dependent upon the capacity of embryos to turn green. On a per family basis, seed germination was positively correlated with most in vitro characters, with the exception of mean shoot length per shoot-forming embryo. Small embryos had a lower probability of producing buds and shoots, and embryos with three cotyledons showed a higher mortality than embryos with four or more cotyledons. No significant relationships were observed between heterozygosity level and in vitro reactivity, with analyses performed on green embryos only. Résumé : L’influence de la performance au champ, de la famille, de la morphologie des embryons et de leur degré d’hétérozygotie sur la réactivité in vitro de Pinus banksiana Lamb. a été évaluée sur des embryons de cinq familles supérieures, de cinq familles inférieures et d’un lot de graines mélangées. La longueur de l’embryon, le nombre de cotylédons et le degré d’hétérozygotie enzymatique ont été mesurés sur chaque embryon; le taux de germination et le poids frais des graines l’ont été au niveau familial. Les familles supérieures ont eu un pourcentage d’embryons formant des bourgeons in vitro plus élevé que les familles inférieures. Au sein de chaque classe de performance, lorsque les calculs étaient basés sur l’ensemble des embryons mis en culture, des différences entre les familles ont été observées dans le pourcentage d’embryons verts et d’embryons avec bourgeons et tigelles adventifs. Lorsque les pourcentages sont calculés sur les embryons verts uniquement, i.e., excluant ceux qui restent blancs, les différences entre les familles ne sont plus significatives. Ces résultats suggèrent que le potentiel in vitro d’une famille dépend grandement de la capacité de ses embryons à verdir. Sur une base familiale, le taux de germination est corrélé positivement avec presque tous les paramètres de réactivité in vitro, sauf la longueur moyenne des tiges par embryon. Les petits embryons avaient une plus faible probabilité de produire des bourgeons et des tigelles, et les embryons avec trois cotylédons ont subi une mortalité supérieure à ceux qui en avaient quatre ou plus. Aucune relation significative n’a été observée entre le degré d’hétérozygotie des embryons et leur réactivité in vitro, lors d’analyses effectuées sur les embryons verts seulement.
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